SOME 

PEKINGESE 
PETS 
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SOME 
PEKINGESE PETS 

Sketched and Described by 

M. N. DANIEL 







London : JOHN LANE - THE BODLEY HEAD 
NEW YORK: JOHN LANE COMPANY 

Toronto: bell e? cockburn 

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PREFACE 

^T^HE sketches in this book are 
-*- intended only as character 
sketches of Pekingese and are not 
to be regarded as in any way 
representative of the show points 
of the breed. Neither is the book 
intended in any way as a hand- 
book on Pekingese. The letter- 



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PREFACE 

press is merely to supplement the 
sketches, but it was thought that 
a short account of the History of 
the Pekingese, and a few hints on 
the care and management of these 
dogs as pets, might be found 
interesting to those who have not 
had any experience of the breed. 



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FROM the Ancient Race of Im- 
perial Dogs, bred from time 
immemorial in the Far East, 
come the quaint little Pekingese 
Dogs now settled in the Western 
World. 

So ancient is the breed of Lion dogs 
of China that it is not known for 
certain whence they first came. 
Some authorities say that they came 



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2 SOME PEKINGESE PETS 

from Manchuria, others say they 
came from Tibet. It is on record 
that a pair were sent from Constanti- 
nople as a present to the Emperor of 
China in A.D. 624. Their intelligence 
was remarkable. They are said to 
have been able to ride on horseback, 
holding the reins, and to carry a 
torch in their mouths. Without 
doubt the Lion dogs existed in China 
at the time of the Tang Dynasty in 
the Eight Century A.D. 

Their origin is difficult to trace. 
Besides having the appearance 



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SOME PEKINGESE PETS 3 

and characteristics of dogs, they 
bear some resemblance to other 
animals. 

They are lion-like in shape and 
have a thick mane of hair on their 
necks, and they have a truly royal 
courage ; they are cat-like in their 
suppleness and the ease with which 
they are able to twist the body into 
any position. 

The soft furry undercoat, too, is 
suggestive of the cat. With feline 
ease they spring, with feline softness 
they tread ; they wash their faces 







4 SOME PEKINGESE PETS 

and ears with their paws ; when 
pleased a purring sound sometimes 
comes from them; when annoyed, 
sometimes they spit at the offender. 

They have a bounding run like a 
hare, and sit up on their haunches 
to look over grass or uneven ground 
at objects in the distance in the 
manner of a hare or rabbit. 

Some have monkey-like faces and 
many have the peculiar power of 
being able to climb. Their tails curl 
over the back like that of a squirrel. 

It is certain that the same type of 



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SOME PEKINGESE PETS 5 

Lion Dog as our Western Pekingese 
must have existed in China for at 
least a thousand years ; that they 
were regarded as sacred or semi- 
sacred is proved by the Idols and 
Kylons (many of them known to be 
at least 1,000 years old) representing 
the same type of Lion Dog. These 
symbolise the union of three things. 
The God Fo, the Korean Lion, (the 
Protector of the Faith,) and the 
Great Empire of China. A grotesque 
dog with mane, feathered legs, and 
plume tail, having one foot on a ball 






6 SOME PEKINGESE PETS 

or tiny dog (sometimes there is a 
string hanging from the mTouth 
of the big dog and attached to 
the little dog) symbolises the 
Great Father China nourishing 
and protecting Little Japan. Fre- 
quently there is a holder for a 
Joss Stick. 

The Mane and Feathering are 
sometimes treated in very conven- 
tional and ornamental patterns and 
often they appear as spirals or 
rounded knobs. 

The Mane represents the Lion of 




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SOME PEKINGESE PETS 7 

Faith, and the feathering on the legs 
and the plume-like tail represent 
Sacred Flames. 

In the Lion — the King of the 
Animal World, and Head of the 
Feline Race — there seems to be a 
Mystic Link between two Ancient 
Religions, for the Lion Dog was re- 
garded as sacred or semi-sacred in 
China, and the Cat was regarded as 
sacred or semi-sacred in Egypt. 

There are representations of great 
antiquity of the Lion Dog differing 
in character ; some of the Kylons 




8 SOME PEKINGESE PETS 

are very grotesque and comical, 
laughing or fierce, mild and amiable, 
or barking ; they are in every kind 
of attitude, and the little Pekingese 
Dogs we know to-day can be all 
sorts of characters in one small dog. 
They are actors and often pose for 
several minutes, perfectly still, in 
quaint and curious attitudes like the 
Kylons and images of them, in stone, 
bronze, ivory, jade and porcelain, 
sometimes even the shapes of their 
faces seeming to be altered. 

When they think they have been 



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sufficiently noticed and admired, they 
either strike another attitude or walk 
away with sublime indifference. 

The Lion, or Sun Dogs, as they 
were also called, were so highly 
prized by the Emperors of China and 
the Court that they were kept ex- 
clusively in the Imperial Palace at 
Pekin, and in the Temples, as Sacred 
Dogs. No person outside the Palace 
or Temples was even permitted to 
see them, and anyone who ventured 
to remove one of these dogs from the 
Sacred Precincts met with the cer- 




SOME PEKINGESE PETS n 

tain punishment of a lingering death. 
The greatest care was taken of 
them, each having a slave girl to 
attend to it and massage its nose to 
the flatness regarded as one of the 
chief beauties in this breed. One 
method of attaining this flatness of 
the nose, and the prominent eyes, 
was to nail a piece of hard meat to a 
wall or board, and the dog in jumping 
up to get it hit its nose, and its eyes 
started out of the head, in the many 
vain attempts to get the tough 
dainty. 






12 SOME PEKINGESE PETS 

It is evident that these Royal Dogs 
must always have lived in very close 
companionship with human beings, 
and have been treated like children, 
as they are so extraordinarily human 
in their intelligence. It is said that 
they have been known to articulate 
words, and they certainly do often 
try to express themselves in sounds 
that seem like words. If they think 
themselves unnoticed, or neglected 
by their human friends, they weep, 
real tears rolling down from their big 
pathetic eyes, then they make pur- 







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SOME PEKINGESE PETS 13 

ring or cooing sounds when noticed 
again. 

They seem to know what is said to 
them, or about them, and will some- 
times act on the merest hint, though 
at others time they can show them- 
selves quite as obstinate as any child, 
who does not care to do what its 
elders require. 

Their eyes are wonderfully and 
weirdly human in expression. These 
dogs are very affectionate and faith- 
ful, and keep closely to any person 
they love, but are shy with strangers 




14 SOME PEKINGESE PETS 

at first, and resent any attempt at 
caressing from people they do not 
know. 

From these, and other character- 
istics it can be plainly seen that the 
Royal Dogs were treated and brought 
up in their Palace Home at Pekin 
with the greatest kindness and 
sympathy. 

They were called Sun or Lion 
Dogs, and Sleeve Dogs when very 
small, as they were carried in the 
wide sleeves of the Chinese. They 
vary very much in colour, and were 






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bred as far as possible of different 
colours to match the robes. The 
yellow, or Cinnamon colour, seems 
to have been the favourite, as it was 
nearest to the Imperial Yellow. 

The late Dowager Empress of 
China, Tsi-Hsi, wrote a poem about 
the Lion Dogs extolling their chief 
characteristics, indicating in detail 
what dainties they should be fed 
upon in health or sickness — rather 
difficult dainties to obtain, and not 
likely to be given to the Pekingese 
Lion Dog of the Western World. 












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THE IDEAL LION DOG 
OF CHINA 

Pearls dropped from the lips of 
Her Imperial Majesty Tsi-Hsi, 
Dowager Empress of the Flowery Land 

Let the Lion Dog be small ; let it wear 

the swelling Cape of Dignity around its 

neck. 
Let it display the billowing Standard of 

Pomp above its back. 
Let its face be black ; let its fore-front be 

shaggy. 



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20 SOME PEKINGESE PETS 

Let its forehead be straight and low, like 
unto the brow of an Imperial, righteous 
harmony Boxer. 

Let its eyes be large and luminous. 

Let its ears be set like the sails of a war- 
junk. 

Let its nose be like that of the Monkey 
God of the Hindus. 

Let its forelegs be bent, so that it shall 
not wander far, or leave the Imperial 
precincts. 

Let its body be shaped like that of the 
hunting Lion spying for its prey. 

Let its feet be tufted with plentiful hair 
that its footfall may sound less ; 




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And for its Standard of Pomp, let it rival 

the whisk of the Tibetan's Yak, 
Which is flourished to protect the 

Imperial litter from the attacks of 

flying insects. 
Let it be lively, that it may afford 

entertainment by its gambols. 
Let it be timid that it may not involve 

itself in danger. 
Let it be domestic in its habits that it 

may live in amity with the other beasts, 

fishes, or birds that find protection in 

the Imperial Palace. 
And for its colour, let it be that of the 

Lion, a golden sable, to be carried in 









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the sleeve of a yellow robe, or the 
colour of a red Bear, or a black, or a 
white Bear, or striped like a Dragon, 
so that there may be dogs appropriate 
to every costume in the Imperial 
wardrobe. 

Let it venerate its Ancestors, and deposit 
offerings in the Canine Cemetery of 
the Forbidden City on each New 
Moon. 

Let it comport itself with dignity. 

Let it bite the Foreign Devils instantly. 

Let it be dainty in its food, that it shall 
be known for an Imperial Dog by its 
fastidiousness. 




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Sharks' fins, and curlews' livers, and the 
breasts of quails ; on these may it be 
fed. 

And for its drink, give it the Tea that is 
brewed from the spring buds of the 
shrub that groweth in the province of 
the Hankow, or the milk of Antelopes 
that pasture in the Imperial Parks : 

Thus shall it preserve its integrity and 
self respect. 

And for the Day of Sickness, let it be 
anointed with the clarified fat of the 
leg of a Sacred Leopard, and give it to 
drink a Throstle's egg-shell-full of the 
juice of the Custard Apple, in which 




SOME PEKINGESE PETS 27 

have been dissolved three pinches of 
Rhinoceros Horn, and apply to it pie- 
bald leeches : 

So shall it remain : but if it die, 

Remember thou too art mortal. 



Until the year i860, so far as is 
known, no " Foreign Devil " had 
ever seen one of these Imperial Lion 
Dogs. In that year, however, the 
sacking of the Imperial Palace at 
Pekin took place, and amongst the 
treasures looted and brought to 
England were five little Lion or Sun 



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30 SOME PEKINGESE PETS 

Dogs ; they were found by Lord 
John Hay and General (then 
Lieutenant) Dunne in an apartment 
of the Palace, and were said to have 
belonged to an Aunt of the Emperor 
who committed suicide on the ap- 
proach of the troops. One of these 
dogs, which was so tiny that it slept 
in General Dunne's forage cap on 
the voyage to England, was pres- 
ented by him to Queen Victoria. 
From these five little dogs and a few 
others imported subsequently are 
descended the little Lion Dogs, now 



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SOME PEKINGESE PETS 31 

known to the Western World as 
Pekingese. 

In general appearance the Pekin- 
gese should be a small, sturdily 
built, Lion shaped dog, having a 
proud, dignified and fearless carriage, 
with a flat face, and thick mane, or 
ruff, of long hair on the neck ; the 
coat should be long, with an under- 
coat like fur, and the feathering on 
the mane, tail and legs, long and 
profuse, the tail carried high and 
curled gracefully over the back like 
a plume ; the back should be short, 



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32 SOME PEKINGESE PETS 

especially in the male specimens ; 
the head broad and very flat between 
the ears, the nose very flat and black, 
the muzzle short and broad. The 
eyes should be very wide apart (the 
lower rims on an exact line with the 
top of the nose) prominent, dark, 
and very intelligent in expression. 
The ears should be long and droop- 
ing. The chest should be wide, and 
the forelegs short and strong in bone, 
well turned out at the elbows ; the 
feet flat and turned outwards, with 
long feathering on the toes ; the hind 




SOME PEKINGESE PETS 33 

legs should be much lighter in bone 
than the fore legs. 

Pekingese vary very much in 
colour, from yellow or biscuit, white, 
golden, orange red, red brindle, 
sable, grey, black, black and biscuit, 
black, biscuit and white. Dogs with 
spots of light colour over the eyes 
are called " dragon-marked." What 
is called the " Celestial Spot " is a 
white mark in the centre of the 
forehead. Many of them have spec- 
tacles round the eyes, light coloured 
on dark dogs, and dark coloured on 



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34 SOME PEKINGESE PETS 

light dogs. Spectacles are a mark of 
learning in China. When they have 
white feet they are called by the 
Chinese " Tsich li Chan " or " stood 
in the snow." 

There are often several different 
coloured puppies in the same litter, 
and one cannot depend upon getting 
any particular colour in a litter. 

Pekingese have beautiful soft 
skins when healthy. It is important 
to note that strong soaps, or lotions, 
should not be used for washing 
them, and that no soap gets into 



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SOME PEKINGESE PETS 37 

their eyes. They should have a 
bath, at least once in every three or 
four weeks, and at any time when 
muddy from a walk, unless the dirt 
can be got off by brushing, or by a 
rub down with a rough towel. A 
Pekingese hates being dirty. 

After washing, dry the ears well, 
inside the flaps as well as outside, 
and rub the coat until it is as nearly 
dry as possible ; dry the feet and legs 
well. When the dog is dry comb the 
coat and rub a little olive oil or 
vaseline on the skin. 









38 SOME PEKINGESE PETS 

The coat should be brushed and 
combed regularly every day ; this 
treatment will help to keep the skin 
in good condition. A little olive oil 
or vaseline rubbed on the skin some- 
times, is soothing to the skin and 
good for the coat. 

The sleeping place for Pekingese 
should be warm but not hot, with 
plenty of air, but absolutely free 
from draughts ; however warm the 
bedding may be if it is in a draughty 
place the dog will suffer from colds, 
running of the eyes, rheumatism, and 




SOME PEKINGESE PETS 



39 



various other ills. But Pekingese 
like plenty of air, and get quite faint 
if long in a close atmosphere ; having 
such thick fur coats they do not care 
for much covering but should be 
given a blanket or something warm 
to snuggle into if they wish. They 
like a cushion to lie on. A cushion 
stuffed with wood wool and a loose 
cover that can easily be taken off 
and washed is better for these long 
coated dogs than loose wood wool 
which gets into their coats. They 
should have a basket work kennel 



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with gable top, or a round basket 
that they can go to at any time they 
want to sleep during the day. Of 
course kennels and beds should 
always be kept clean. 

For the principal meal they should 
have meat ; underdone boiled gravy 
beef, mutton, sheep's head, or fish, 
mixed with standard, or brown 
bread, cut small, and soaked with 
the gravy in which the meat has 
been boiled ; the food should not be 
given sloppy, but just soaked. Mix 
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or suet pudding. Give raw meat if 
the dogs are out of condition. 

A change of diet should be given 
occasionally ; but Pekingese are 
particularly conservative about their 
food, and do not care for frequent 
changes, and they never over-eat 
themselves. They like milk, and it 
is good for their coats ; mix a little 
cod liver oil with it occasionally, or 
fluid magnesia ; they also like a little 
weak tea sometimes. They should 
always have plenty of clean water 
put where they can easily get to 






SOME PEKINGESE PETS 45 

it at any time when they want a 
drink. 

Pekingese are fond of a biscuit 
called "Social" and like one to take 
to bed at night. 

Food, with the exception of bis- 
cuits, should not be left standing 
about after the dogs have finished a 
meal. One meat meal a day is 
usually sufficient, but there are 
conditions when a dog needs more. 

When puppies are being weaned 
from the mother, at about three 
weeks old, nothing but warm milk 

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should be given at first ; then a little 
egg and milk, or custard pudding, 
and bread or biscuit and milk, given 
warm of course. Puppies should be 
fed three or four times a day. After 
they are about a month old give 
them raw beef, scraped very fine, 
once a day, about as much as the 
size of a walnut, bread and gravy, 
or bread and milk. Later on let 
them have biscuits, Spratt's Puppy, 
Melox, Social and Charcoal Biscuits, 
or a bone, which they cannot break 
up into sharp splinters, to gnaw at 






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SOME PEKINGESE PETS 47 

during the day. When they are about 
five or six months old they may 
be fed like the older dogs. 

Many people who do not know 
these dogs think they must be 
delicate because they come from the 
East ; this is certainly not the case ; 
and if the simple precautions in- 
dicated for their well-being are fol- 
lowed they will prove to be very 
strong and healthy little dogs. They 
have been known to live twenty 
years. 

Although Pekingese seem to have 







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48 SOME PEKINGESE PETS 

been kept in rather close quarters by 
the Chinese they like plenty of 
exercise. They can go for walks of 
five or six miles or more without 
being tired, and will be just as lively 
and full of play at the end of a long 
walk as they were at the beginning. 
No dogs enjoy a walk more than 
Pekingese, or are more full of fun. 
They are inclined to be sporting, and 
to hunt on their own account ; and 
have to be taught not to chase sheep 
and poultry. They are fearless, and 
will go up to any other animals, how- 



SOME PEKINGESE PETS 49 

ever big ; a quite tiny Peke will put 
a big dog to flight sometimes by 
standing quite still and making a 
fearful grimace at the other dog, who 
turns tail and flies. They are fond of 
the water, and some of them will 
retrieve things thrown for them. 
They are very good house dogs, and 
have a deep musical bark, and are 
not constantly yapping like many 
small dogs. 

Kept as intelligent pets, and not 
as lap dogs merely, no other animals 
can be more lively, interesting, and 



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50 SOME PEKINGESE PETS 

amusing companions than the 
Pekingese. 

It is a pretty sight to see several 
of different colours playing together 
like children, on a lawn, in the fields, 
or on the sands. They seem to have 
sets of games ; they are very grace- 
ful in their movements, and when 
they run it is in a series of bounds 
peculiar to the Pekingese dog ; they 
are very swift runners, and seem to 
fly over the ground scarcely touching 
it. They are very joyous and light 
hearted as well as being light footed, 



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and seem more like fairies or little 
gnomes at play than dogs, and they 
are so keenly interested in their 
games, smiling with delight all the 
time. Sometimes they will begin 
to waltz round and round, and will 
go quite a long distance in this way. 
They seldom quarrel, but when 
they do, there is a fierce fight, a 
regular mix up of hair ; and as they 
often go for each others' eyes, they 
should be separated as soon as 
possible, or those organs may get 
badly injured, especially if they are 



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53 SOME PEKINGESE PETS 

very prominent ; but after a fight 
Pekingese as a rule very soon make 
it up, and sometimes a few minutes 
after, are kissing each other most 
affectionately ; their passions are 
very fierce, but soon over, and if 
they bite anyone in their excitement 
they are most unhappy till forgiven, 
when they come and kiss and lick 
the place " to make it well." 

They are very obedient little dogs 
for the most part, but capable of 
extreme obstinacy. They sometimes 
get so absorbed in their interests that 









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they pay not the slightest attention 
to anything else, and one calls them 
/ . . *\ in vain. 

% w* i It is well worth while spending 

C > some time in watching them, as they 

t ( ^O ar e natural actors, and go through 

'• {/ -^2 ' little performances that are a series 

K(0 V of pictures or tableaux. 

" —^ 3 To give an illustration of this : — 

One of my dogs, " Prince Pu," 
had got a bone, which another one, 
" Do-do " badly wanted to get from 
him. Do-do went to first one door 
and then another and barked, look- 



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58 SOME PEKINGESE PETS 

ing round to see if Prince Pu would 
be deceived into thinking someone 
was there to send away ; after a time 
she went into another room and 
barked wildly. Pu could not stand 
it any longer, and rushed in, but 
still kept that bone secure, so Do-do 
walked to a piano where she could 
see herself in the polished front, and 
she barked furiously at that ; as Pu 
knew another dog was to be seen 
there, off he flew dropping the bone, 
which my lady quickly rushed upon 
and got. When Pu realised what 






60 SOME PEKINGESE PETS 

had happened, he gazed disconso- 
lately at her for a moment, then he 
smiled, a wicked smile, and danced 
off, with his own peculiar light dance, 
across the room to her basket, picked 
out her favourite doll from amongst 
several she had in it, and deliberately 
tore it up bit by bit, still smiling that 
wicked smile. 

One day, a stout dowager lady dog, 
a very near relation of Pu's and 
Do-do's and for whom they have a 
great admiration and affection, hap- 
pened to call ; she sat down in front 






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SOME PEKINGESE PETS 61 

of them and sang a song with lovely 
runs and trills in it. Pu and Do-do 
sat listening to her with rapt atten- 
tion, and never moved until the song, 
which was a long one, was finished. ^^ v V t/ V>^ 
She had a most attentive, and jpV^j ) 
appreciative audience, and she knew f^^j>^^ 
it, and rolled her eyes and body most (^ v . ^ 
expressively at the top notes and 
difficult runs and trills. When she 
had finished she got up and gazed 
soulfully at them, but they sat on 
spellbound, waiting for more. 
Do-do sometimes puts a biscuit 



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62 SOME PEKINGESE PETS 

down and stands near it gazing at 
another dog, as much as to say 
" Don't you dare to touch it ;" then 
she walks off slowly through the half 
opened door with heavy tread, seem- 
ing to go a long way off. In a few 
moments a wicked looking black 
head appears round the door, just a 
head and nothing more ; if the biscuit 
is still where she put it, the head 
disappears, and a few minutes pass : 
the head comes round again, and 
then, if the other dog has ventured 
to get the biscuit, in she rushes and 






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64 SOME PEKINGESE PETS 

falls upon the thief tooth and nail. 
Do-do gets that biscuit. 

Sometimes she waltzes round after 
her tail, a most weird dance, whirling 
round and round with her body in a 
complete circle, faster and faster 
until it is difficult to see anything 
but what looks like a black fur muff 
hopping round on three legs ; then 
she suddenly unwinds herself and 
stands quite still like a little china 
dog, then she dances again. She gives 
performances of this accomplishment 
to a Persian Cat who sits watching 





SOME PEKINGESE PETS 65 

her with condescending admiration, 
apparently enjoying it very much. 

She has a very strange trick of 
putting her head between her hind 
legs. She begins by apparently 
biting her right hind leg, twisting 
round several times until gradually 
she gets the leg bowed out, and then 
she puts her head under it, between 
the hind legs, and looks up with a 
wicked leer at anyone watching her : 
the effect is horribly weird. This 
trick she does seldom, and as may 
be imagined she is not always 







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68 SOME PEKINGESE PETS 

successful in accomplishing the feat ; 
and of course, when she does succeed, 
the glimpse of her face is only a very 
fleeting one. The effect is addition- 
ally weird as she is a black dog with 
dragon marks over the eyes. 

Prince Pu does a wonderful and 
most graceful dance, which he has 
not been taught, but is natural to 
him. He begins with a graceful 
pattering of the fore feet, and then 
does a step dance ; he changes the 
step two or three times, and then 
effects an extraordinary prance like 






SOME PEKINGESE PETS 69 

"running on the spot." He some- 
times finishes this dance by going 
backwards several yards, dragging 
his front legs, and displaying his lace- 
like flames, or feathering, along the 
floor. 

When very pleased he staggers 
about in a most affected manner; or 
bounces along, actually on the very 
tips of his toes ; he seldom goes 
through a doorway without first 
waltzing round about three times. 

He flies into the most ridiculous 
rages ; if he has a bone it is only 




70 SOME PEKINGESE PETS 

necessary to say " Where is Pu's 
bone" and he will begin to stagger 
about, going into corners and stand- 
ing up barking at the wall ; then 
crouching down and crumpling him- 
self up, he will spring forward with 
a howl, making horrible faces all the 
time. If he is in his basket he throws 
himself backwards out of it ; truly 
a terrible rage, but a minute after he 
is quite calm and comes to kiss the 
person who has been teasing him. 

One day when we were wading in 
the sea two of our dogs became very 






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72 SOME PEKINGESE PETS 

much agitated and alarmed for our 
safety. They did all they could to 
prevent our going further, standing 
in front of us, looking very anxious 
and barking ; then they came and 
tugged at us doing their best to pull 
us out. When they found that we 
were after all quite safe they came 
in and began to enjoy wading too. 

Pekingese are very fond of toys, 
such as rag dolls or golly- wogs, which 
they take great care of, putting them 
carefully into their sleeping baskets, 
and then guarding them ; they will 









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74 SOME PEKINGESE PETS 

amuse themselves by playing with 
these dolls for hours. Do-do used to 
play with three toys at a time on a 
sofa, taking each one out in turn and 
putting one back to take another ; 
and then would arrange them in 
order on the sofa. They love being 
dressed up, and showing off their 
tricks. They are very fond of play- 
ing with children and their temper is 
good if they are not pulled about 
too much. 

After the many Centuries during 
which so much care has been taken 






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SOME PEKINGESE PETS 75 

by the Chinese not only in the 
breeding of the Lion Dog for special 
points of appearance, but also in the 
wide development of their intelli- 
gence and peculiar characteristics, it 
is to be hoped that these special 
characteristics will not eventually be 
lost now that the dogs have been 
brought to other countries. 



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